The course includes the study of the basic principles of Sanskrit grammar and a brief introduction to ancient Indian literature in Sanskrit. The course includes the study of the characteristics and the lines of development of Indian classical poetry ( kāvya): the beginnings of the movement and the discussion of its genesis, the essential requirements of kāvya literature, the composition of the works, the relationship between poetic practice and Indian literary criticism, kāvya and society. Students are expected to gain familiarity with the International Alphabet for Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) and the Devanāgarī script. The course includes the study (reading, grammatical analysis and translation) of sentences, stanzas and a short story in Sanskrit (for more information see below, 'Reading/Bibliography'). The main topics to be addressed during the course are: Introduction to the history of the Sanskrit language The phonetic system of Sanskrit Vowel gradation Sandhi Indeclinables (adverbs, conjunctions, pre- and post-positions, particles) Declension (nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals) The formation of words Nominal compounds ( dvandva, tatpuruṣa, karmadhāraya, bahuvrīhi) Conjugation (the present, future, aorist and perfect systems) The main derivative or secondary conjugations (passive, causative, desiderative, intensive and denominative) The nominal forms of the verb (participles, gerundive, infinitive, absolutive) Introduction to syntax. The course includes the study of the main rules of Sanskrit grammar and an introduction to Indian classical poetry ( kāvya). They will be able to contextualise within the historical framework what they have learnt – also with reference to the relevant literature – and will acquire the ability to communicate it properly and effectively in oral and/or written formats. Through this course students will gain a basic knowledge of Sanskrit language and literature.

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